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Every stellar body in our observable universe, especially stars go through several stages of life. Different types of stars like our sun are born millions and billions of years ago and they undergo multiple stages in life and finally, they also die. Red dwarfs are believed to be the longest living stars in the universe, but they are also the smallest stars in the cosmos. A red dwarf might be the last star present after the end of the universe. Can the Red dwarf host life on its surrounding planets and can humanity find its home near the red dwarfs if we live long enough? 
Red Dwarf Star
What are the Red Dwarfs?
The Red Dwarfs are the smallest and non-luminescent star in the cosmos. These types of stars are usually common in our milky way galaxy. The Distant red dwarfs are not observed by our telescopes as their luminescent is pretty low compared to the other stages of the star. The closest star to our planet other than the sun is Proxima Centauri, which is a red dwarf. The Red dwarfs are usually cooler than the other stars. It is estimated that at least 70% of our entire universe is filled with the red dwarf. With our latest observations from the space telescopes, it has been found that 20-30 stars around the Earth are Red dwarfs. The helium and hydrogen on the surface of the Red dwarf continuously fuse and the reaction keeps on going forever extending the life of the star.
How are the Red Dwarfs formed?
The formation of Red dwarfs is similar to the formation of any other stars in the cosmos. Our cosmos is filled with star clouds of dust when the specks of dust are drawn together by the gravity of the core fragment of any star and the specks of dust start rotating around the core. The particles start to bundles themselves to the core and when the critical temperature is reached, the fusion reactions start on the surface of the star. They are usually smaller than an average star and the average Red dwarf is around the size of Jupiter, which is still comparatively larger than our planet.
They weigh about 7.5% to 50% of the mass of the sun and because of their smaller size, they burn their fuel very slowly. The maximum temperature on the Red dwarf is about 3,500 degrees Celsius, which is almost half of the maximum temperature of our sun. Because of their low temperature, the luminosity of the Red dwarf is also pretty low. The Red dwarf star has a habitable zone where the water will not evaporate, which is pretty close to the star and so the planet present in the habitable zone around the Red dwarf could possibly hold life on it.
Can Red Dwarfs sustain life?
The artist's representation shows a hypothetical planet with two moons revolving around a red dwarf star in the habitable zone
Since the Red dwarfs have the longest lifetime, it might be the best hope for humanity at the end of the Universe. Humans need a star to survive, but after the end of our sun, we might need to look for another star and Red dwarf might be our best hope. Most of the exoplanets we have discovered are mostly having red dwarfs as their host stars. Barnard's Red Dwarf star is about 16% the mass of the sun and the planet revolving around the host star is about the ideal location from the star where there will be enough luminosity and ideal temperature. The Exoplanets around the Red dwarf might also be the best place to look for alien life.
How long will the Red Dwarf last?
The Fusion reactions between hydrogen and helium keep constantly mixing and so the reaction takes place gradually, extending the life of the Red dwarf up to 10 trillion years. Unlike the usual stars, they use up their fuel very leisurely and keeping the luminosity of the Red dwarf poor. The life period of an average Red dwarf is pretty massive, compare to the lifetime of our sun which is just 5 billion years. The age of our universe has been just 13.7 billion years, which is negligible compared to the life period of the Red dwarf and so we haven't spotted the later stages of the Red dwarf yet.
Although the most likely outcome of the death of the Red dwarf will be a white dwarf or dead star. The Stars run out of fuel and collapses, forming the white dwarfs. The end of the Red dwarf might just be the same, but the universe isn't old enough for such an event to happen. Although several hypotheses predict that the Red dwarfs might become blue dwarfs and the luminosity will increase after its end. Even though there are many Red dwarfs in our Milky way Galaxy, we still haven't figured the mystery of the Red Dwarfs.
